Feminism Essay -- Rights Equality Gender Essays

Feminism Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feminism is the theory that men and women should be equal, politically, economically, and socially. There are many different types of feminism and each have a profound impact on someone’s view of society. The first is cultural feminism, which is the theory that there are fundamental personality differences between men and women, and that women’s differences are special. This theory supports the idea that there are biological differences between men and women and sexism can be overcome by embracing the â€Å"women’s way.† The second type is individualist or libertarian feminist. This feminism is based upon libertarian philosophies, with the focus on autonomy, rights, liberty, independence, and diversity. Next, there is the radical feminism; this theory began approximately during the 1967 – 1975. This ideology focuses on social change, and â€Å"attempts to draw lines between biologically – determined behavior and culturall y- determined behavior† in order to free both men and women as much as possible from their previous narrow gender roles. Finally, there is the Liberal Feminism, this theory focuses on the idea that all people are created equal and that education is the primary means to change discrimination. Groups in favor of this theory are the N.A.C. – the National Action Committee on the Status of Woman, an organization representing 500 feminist oriented women’s groups, and the N.O.W. – the National Organization of Women. Both of these organizations and Feminism as a whole are and have been influential on the national government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many political groups or ideologies attack feminist ideas. Zillah R. Einstein’s book, Feminism and Sexual Equality focuses on the importance of feminist theories and its attackers. The primary two political groups that have taken a stand against Feminism are â€Å"The New Right† and â€Å"Neoconservatives.† The New Right feels that the welfare state is undermining the â€Å"traditional patriarchal family.† The state has taken over certain family functions such as the health, welfare and education of its citizens. Jerry Falwell, supporter of the New Right and head of the Moral Majority, argues that â€Å"in order to revitalize the capitalist economy, and create a moral order, and strengthen America at home and abroad, policy makers must aim to reestablish the dominance of the traditional white patriarchal family... ...en. The women’s movement has been an important means to of empowerment to women. It is through organizing and joining women’s groups that many women have become aware of their oppression and have sought ways to gain control of their lives. Not only are women shunned from the workplace, but also many believe that they have no business in politics either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book, The Women’s Movement, issues like women’s political participation and their membership to the workforce are discussed. Women have made critical improvements to their circumstances in life, be it there careers, political position, or even military involvement. Men primarily run the government that has authority over both males and females. Therefore it is necessary for the election of women into office to be the means of achiving the public policies that are consistent with the preferences of women (Gimlin, 1981). It is assumed that women office holders are better at representing women’s interests on a variety of issues, especially ones that directly affect women. Women are concerned with issues such as childcare, welfare, healthcare, and the care for the elderly. This is largely because women bear more of the

Preservation of the environment by Christians Essay

Over the years, there has been an emergence of a new discipline of study which touches the interaction of religion and ecology following the environmental crisis that has hit the globe. Theologians from all religious background have acknowledged that it is their wholesome responsibility to take care of nature as it is responsibility from God for make to obligatory care for the Earth (Max et al 2005). According to the bible, the entire creation which includes nature has been suffering for long. Out this bare fact, several theologies to restore certain elements of the Earth, human beings and ecological oriented approach of God have been introduced (David, Bart 104). This paper therefore explores the dimensions of religious concept and attitude on nature and the religious involvement in environmental crisis. All this will be based on Toulmin model of argument (see figure 1) showing how Christians use the systematic way of reasoning to argue their contribution to environmental conservation and restoration. Christians approaches to preserve the environment Christians believe that they owe to God a task to rule and preserve the environment and natural resources stewardly in line with the conservation ethics in consistence with the Toulmin model of argumentation, Christians have identified the major environmental issues that face the world today as rising from the environmental tension between human behavior that facilitate environmental degradation and the legitimate role of the civil government to preserve the environment (Rogers 205). Therefore, issues of the environment are being examined by Christians in consideration to the limits of the environment to stand certain human impact without being destroyed, the need of change in the behaviors of   human being that adversely degrade the environment and the role of the government   in environment   conservation (Larsson 2001). In strict terms, the evangelical position on matters to do with environmental preservation arises from the strong endorsement of individual responsibility as well as governmental actions in line with obligations towards God and the society. Following this argument, the church organizations came up with varied resolutions to help the environment be clean and safe for those living now and the future generation (Angela 2001).However, to preserve the environment, costs must be incurred hence it is a daunting task for this church organizations to solicit for funds to facilitate their contributions to the entire process of environmental conservation. The first action towards conserving the ecological system, Christians have resolved to disseminate information of environmental degradation to the masses of people beginning with their own members an extending the information outside their religious confines (Max et al 2005). The dissemination of this information is done through a variety of media, which includes; church organizations publishing newsletters about the need to preserve the environment, organize trip and incorporate the message of ecological degradation and mitigation measure or just practically get involved in local conservation. A religious campaign for forest conservation is a good example of this action oriented approach in the United States of America. It is a group of churches and denominations that are brought together by the common interest for conserving forests in a religious context (Garry 2003). It is logical enough that information is power. If people have information on the dangers of environmental degradation and what to do to help the situation, they would take appropriate steps to help correct the situation. Absolutely, this becomes a practical conservational action that is pegged on environmental education which follows the Toulmin model because it gives evidence on the deplorable state of the environment and reasons on the need to act though with speed (Peter 2005). In addition, Christian communities have placed emphasis cross cultural corperation that seeks to enhance individual involved in environmental issues guided by religious tenets. They basically aim at raising awareness on issues of agriculture and look at them from the biblical front. Agricultural Christian fellowship in the United Kingdom is a typical example of this action being taken by Christians to restore the environmental purity (Eugene et al 2007). Groups of environmentally minded people join the group and equip people with the knowledge to responsibly and with integrity in 5the scientific practices. They hold conferences as well as seminar and challenge people to live up to the faith of reflecting about nature and making their churches, models of sustaining God’s creation of which nature is part of (Garry 2003). Still on, Several churches in the United Kingdom are entering into partnerships with Royal Agricultural society of England and the Rank foundation in the US to ideally empower rural Christians in meeting their socio-economic needs in a wise way and also conserving the Africa’s ecosystems. Such approach is logical because there is the underlying proof for the need to preserve the environment and this as evidently in accordance to the Toulmin model of argument (Rogers 258). Eventually Christians achieve their objectives because after all is said and done, they would have promoted environmental stewardship through action sand knowledge which comes with the church- initiated academic programs and community education. Organizations on the fore front of this action approach are the California Interfaith power and light California in The United States (Larsson 2001). All these is about promoting energy conservation, renewable energy, energy efficiency and consequently ensuring good health and sufficient energy for all. Environmental protection is both a religious and scientific enterprise. Care must be taken when coming up with actions to help conserve the environment because, the civil societies have their own formulations that have political basis   on the conservation of the environment   and so, church organizations must be careful so as not t provoke the governmental standing orders (Angela 2001). In the United States, St Joan of Arc has desirable plans to help us connect our faith and spirituality with the sense of duty and justice to the Earth, its wholesome systems and it’s creations at large. Individual church ministries, college fellowship and the interested religious fraternity calls for the stewards to help God’s creations in the love of Jesus commanded us to love. This organization coordinates efforts of the church to promote understanding and responsibility in areas of socio-economic and environmental issues (Max 2oo5). In addition, several church organizations provides speakers to talk on environment in general and also materials largely on spirituality and ecology. In such programs changes in the climate as well environmental abuses are highlighted with emphasis on church members to uphold to selfless courage and moral authority to foster ecological protection. Conclusion It is evident that chritians today have embraced constructive approaches to help avert the many harms being done on the environment. It serves as a wake up call especially   the ecological problems if not addressed have far fetching effects that only man will feel adversely since he is the one endowed with the responsibility to take care of the universe and all that is in it. The goals of Christians in this mission are aimed at helping people around the world be it Christians or non-Christians to recognize their role in being  Ã‚   good stewardship God’s creation and still emphasizing on the globalization of alternative ways towards unity in diversity of faith and cultural orientation (Peter 2005).

Causes and Effects of Alcohol Abuse Essay

Alcoholism is the excessive and usually uncontrollable use of alcoholic drinks. There are many symptoms, complications, treatments and ways of prevention for alcoholism. Certain groups of people may be at a greater risk than others for several different reasons. There are numerous factors in why people may become addicted. Usually, a variety of factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Social factors such as the influence of peers, family, society, the availability of alcohol, mental illness, stress, and not knowing how to cope with certain situations. It’s a common thing for an alcoholic to think drinking is the answer to all their problems, but in retrospect drinking is only adding to the multiple complications caused by being a compulsive drinker. Research has been done to explore the reason behind why people drink. However, â€Å"Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. † (NIAAA) The effects of alcoholism have been divided into groups. There are physical effects, psychological effects and effects that contribute to many other health, safety, social and econimical problems. Some physical effects of excessively drinking alcohol can be extremely serious, or even fatal. One physical effect of alcoholism is causing cancer in the liver, kidney and stomach. Alcohol abuse is the leading factor to developing Cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol related Cirrhosis usually develops after more then almost a decade of heavy drinking, but for some it may develop quicker; all depending on how your body reacts to alcohol. â€Å"In cirrhosis of the liver, scar tissue replaces normal, healthy tissue, blocking the flow of blood through the organ and preventing it from working as it should. Cirrhosis is the twelfth leading cause of death by disease, killing about 26,000 people each year. † Another physical effect of alcoholism is the altering of nutrients digestions which your body needs in order to remain healthy. Another physical damage that alcohol abuse brings is damaging of the neurons and thereby causing body movement alterations, depression and loss of appetite. Since drinking too much alcohol can raise some fats in the blood, that means it can also lead to high blood pressure, heart failure, and increased calorie intake which could lead to the development of diabetes. Liver diseases and illnesses aren’t the only complications of long term alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse can also lead to birth defects. The most sever cases of birth defects are Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopment Disorder. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is what can happen when a woman drinks an excessive amount of alcohol during the pregnancy. It’s been estimated that one in every seven hundred and fifty infants is born with a patterns of physical, developmental, and functional problems referring to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Some symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may include premature birth weight, developmental delay, learning difficulties, and behavioral problems. Alcoholism also causes psychological effects as it changes your normal behavior and this is when you feel anxious and become depressed. Other psychological effects of alcoholism include violence, suicide, family and legal problems. Alcohol abuse can also cause economic effects. This is because getting an alcoholic drink is not cheap. If you drink several drinks on a daily basis you will definitely notice that you are spending a lot of money that can be used for other important stuff. An alarming amount of accidents, crimes and suicides, are the result of alcohol abuse by one or more family members. The latest death statistics released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), In the United States, in 2010, more than 10,000 people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. That is equivalent to one every 51 minutes. Alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated $37 billion annually. These statistics are avoidable by not abusing alcohol or drinking in an environment that puts others at risk of becoming a statistic. Alcoholism is just as damaging to family members as it is to the alcoholic. Adult Children of Alcoholics often are in denial that their problems come from there parents or parent being an alcoholic. Many of them have severe problems with depression, aggression, or impulsive behavior. Most children of alcoholics make poor career choices and aren’t capable of being responsible parents, because they weren’t raised correctly themselves. Due to the large amount of money spent on alcohol and also possible joblessness the family may have to give up certain privileges that a non-alcoholic family wouldn’t. Being an alcoholic can totally disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. Thousands of alcoholics are helped to stop drinking every year. The chances of recovery are good if alcohol abuse or alcoholism is treated in its early or middle stages. Unfortunately, most alcoholics do not receive treatment therefore; over 90 percent of them will die as a result of their alcoholism. On the more positive side about 700,000 Americans receive alcoholism treatment on any given day. However, the techniques of alcoholism therapy only work if the patient is ready to seek help. One of the most traditional ways for an alcoholic to seek treatment is through the Alcoholic Anonymous 12 step program. Other then AA, there are many different programs available to help a person trying to seek recovery. Alcoholism is a disease that could consume ones life, but with support and treatment, many individuals are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives. Work Cited Page â€Å"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism†. 2007. NIAAA. July. 2007 Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Susan_B_Ward http://www. nhtsa. gov/Impaired.